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Matter is anything that occupy space and has mass. It is present everywhere around us. In this section we can start from the definition of matter; solid, liquid and gas; then proceed with the characteristics like - shape, volume, density; change of state, melting (absorption of heat), freezing, evaporation (cooling by evaporation), condensation, sublimation. We will also discuss about how energy related with matter.
In this section, we can classify the matter into Pure substances and Mixtures. This includes Elements, compounds, Heterogeneous mixtures, homogenous mixtures, colloids and suspensions and Physical and chemical changes, separating the components of a mixture.
Here we can learn about Atoms and molecules, Law of Chemical Combination, Chemical formula of common compounds, Atomic and molecular masses.
The smallest part of matter is an atom. This section includes the basic structure of atom and associated terms like Electrons, protons and neutrons, Valency, Atomic Number and Mass Number, Isotopes and Isobars.
Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic exothermic reactions, oxidation and reduction.
Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH– ions, General properties, examples and uses, neutralization, concept of pH scale, importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.
Metals and nonmetals are two distinct types of materials that we come across in our everyday life. In this section, we will discuss about the properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention.
Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon. Homologous series. Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes and alkynes), difference between saturated hydro carbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction). Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps and detergents.